循环经济——我国外贸可持续发展的路径选择

长期以来,我国对外贸易都是以粗放式发展道路为主:出口产品高耗能且附加值低,而某些进口资源则过度依赖国外市场。粗放式发展道路与循环经济产生了诸多矛盾,面临着很多制约因素,产生了一些负面影响。在世界各国越来越重视循环经济的国际大背景下,要实现我国对外贸易的可持续发展,发展循环经济是一条紧迫而有效的路径。本文在深刻剖析我国传统外贸增长方式与循环经济的种种矛盾以及所面临的外贸环境的基础上,提出了发展循环经济以实现我国外贸可持续发展的战略措施。     

对江苏省对外贸易结构的实证研究

近几年来,江苏省的对外贸易进入了高速发展阶段。但对外贸易结构中存在着商品结构过度依赖于少数几种商品,国际地区结构还需进一步优化,国内区域结构日益失衡,加工贸易成为对外贸易的主要方式等问题。本文从商品结构、地区结构、区域结构、方式结构、主体结构等五个方面对江苏省的对外贸易结构进行了分析,并提出了优化对外贸易结构的建议。     

对外援助与我国境外经贸合作区建设

我国的境外经贸合作区对于推动国内企业对外投资有着重要的意义,政府采取了一系列措施以促进其发展,而对外援助(ODA)在此过程中未能得到重视。事实上,对外援助作为一种有效的政策工具,已经对对外投资和贸易发挥了不可替代的作用。应从加强对境外经贸合作区东道国的宏观政策援助、实施本地化战略、使用援外优惠贷款支持合作区建设三个方面实施改革。     

Foreign direct investment and intellectual property rights: evidence from Hollywood's global distribution of movies and videos

Traditional thinking about intellectual property rights (IPR) suggests that as a country strengthens its IPR standards, firms will move their governance structures away from equity based institutions such as foreign direct investment (FDI) towards more market-based relations such as licensing agreements. This hypothesis is explored by examining the behavior of Hollywood studios in both the feature film and video markets in 40 foreign countries. The analysis reveals that the behavior of Hollywood studios is more complex than this: although moderate IPRs are associated with a high degree of licensing, both high and low standards of IPR encourage more integrated governance structures.     

Is there really a foreign ownership wage premium? Evidence from matched employer-employee data

Numerous studies on firm-level data have reported higher average wages in foreign-owned firms than in domestically owned firms. This, however, does not necessarily imply that the individual worker's wage increase with foreign ownership. Using detailed matched employer-employee data on the entire Swedish private sector, we examine the effect of foreign ownership on individual wages, controlling for individual and firm heterogeneity as well as for possible selection bias in foreign acquisitions. We distinguish between foreign greenfields and takeovers and compare foreign-owned firms with both domestic multinationals and local firms. Our results show a considerably smaller wage premium in foreign-owned firms than what has been found in studies conducted at a more aggregate level. Moreover, foreign takeovers of Swedish firms tend to have no or even a negative effect on wages.     

An information-based trade off between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment

The paper develops a model of foreign direct investments (FDI) and foreign portfolio investments (FPI). FDI enables the owner to obtain refined information about the firm. This superiority, relative to FPI, comes with a cost: a firm owned by the FDI investor has a low resale price because of asymmetric information between the owner and potential buyers. The model can explain several stylized facts regarding foreign equity flows, such as the larger ratio of FDI to FPI inflows in developing countries relative to developed countries, and the greater volatility of FDI net inflows relative to FPI net inflows.     

Experience and a firm's performance in foreign markets: A commentary essay

Wu and Lin (2010) extend several prominent themes in the experience and subsidiary performance literature in their empirical examination of the foreign expansion of Taiwanese MNEs. This commentary essay considers the themes in Wu and Lin (2010) against the backdrop of the considerable volume of research that has been conducted on experiential learning and firm performance in both the international business and strategy literatures. Five weak axioms about the relationships between experience, foreign market entry strategy, and performance emerge in this review. Based on these weak axioms, the commentary concludes that scholars need to concentrate future research on understanding the management and process-related issues that concern the effective management of a firm's experiential learning processes to foster better capability and knowledge development from a firm's experience, as well as translate such developments into improved performance prospects for a firm.     

Effects of time processing orientation, agreement preferences and attitude towards foreign businessmen on negotiation adaptation

An experiment was conducted among Singaporean executives to determine how they adapt to a foreign partner depending on the partner's time processing orientation and agreement preferences, and their attitude towards businessmen from the country the foreign partner was from. Results showed that Singaporean executives tended to have monochronic time processing and preferred written to oral agreements. Further, when a foreign partner exhibited a monochronic processing orientation, these executives had greater liking for and were more willing to accept this trait than when he had a polychronic processing orientation. Liking for the foreign partner was also enhanced. In terms of agreement preferences, the executives showed greater liking for and willingness to accept the trait when the foreign partner had a written than an oral preference. Finally, willingness to accept the foreign partner as a business partner was enhanced once they knew where the foreign partner came from, regardless of their attitude towards businessmen from that country. Implications are discussed and directions for future research furnished.     

我国石油对外贸易流量分析与对策研究

石油是关系国家经济安全的重要战略物资,本文通过对我国石油进出口贸易一些流量指标的分析,发现:(1)石油净进口量过大,进口依存度偏高,并有逐年递增的趋势;(2)原油进口的地区集中度偏高,不利于石油资源供应稳定;(3)国际油价持续高企,对国内经济稳定造成威胁。并据此提出了相关政策建议。     

对外直接投资与美国服务贸易的发展

一般认为,对外直接投资活动(FDI)对贸易的持续增长将起到十分重要的支撑和推动作用。本文选用了美国1970年至2003年的相关数据,通过建立自回归模型,拟合后发现这个结论在美国的服务业领域也成立。进一步运用Granger因果检验方法,发现两者之间还存在着互为因果的关系。然而,通过对统计数据的分析,同时也直观地发现,在美国服务业内的对外直接投资与对外贸易在进出口上的同向相关性并不明显。其原因可能是各国对服务业的限制措施所造成的扭曲和直接投资的贸易替代效应所致。